$ 0

$ 0.01. The estimated range in the month to month cost of all justified prescriptions was between U.S. indicator for 87.349 of the formulas (76.9%) was justified and statistically associated with the use of NSAIDs, antithrombotics, corticosteroids, anti-ulcer, antibiotics and prokinetics. No justification was found for 26.211 (23.1%) of the prescriptions, which were associated with antidiabetics, antihypertensives, hypolipidemics while others (<0.001).The annual justified cost was estimated to be US$ 1,654,701 and the unjustified cost was estimated to be U.S. $2,202,590, as determined using the minimum reference prices. Conversation: Each month, the Colombian health system is definitely overloaded by unjustified costs that include payments for non-approved indications of proton pump Amifostine inhibitors and for drugs outside the list of essential medications. This problem is definitely contributing to rising costs of healthcare in Colombia. <0.001). El costo anual justificado fue de US$1.654.701 y no justificado de U.S.$2,202,590 empleando mnimos precios de referencia. Discusin: Mensualmente se est cargando al sistema de salud colombiano con costos no justificados del uso de inhibidores de bomba de protones en indicaciones no aprobadas y con medicamentos por fuera del listado de esenciales que contribuyen a encarecer la atencin sanitaria. Intro Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) were recognized in 1979 and authorized for the management of acid-peptic disease; they were consequently launched to the market in 1989 1 . Several recent studies comparing omeprazole and ranitidine demonstrate the greater performance of omeprazole in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease 2 , top gastrointestinal bleeding 1 , 2 and gastroesophageal reflux, leading to an increase in the use of PPIs 3 . In some cases, however, off-label uses increase PPI sales 3 - 5 and increase the overall costs for healthcare worldwide 6 , 7 . Several conditions justify the use of PPIs, including different forms of peptic ulcer disease (Helicobater pylori connected or not), practical dyspepsia, gastroesophageal reflux, gastrointestinal bleeding prevention in conditions of severe stress and prophylaxis for peptic ulcer disease induced by non-steroidal anti inflammatory medicines (NSAIDs) and corticosteroids. However, the use of PPIs offers begun to extend to pathologies for which they were not designed and for which there is insufficient scientific evidence justify their use 6 - 8 . The uncontrolled use of PPIs is definitely associated with atrophic gastritis, interstitial nephritis, induction of ulcer symptoms, thrombocytopenia, osteoporosis and endocrine disorders such as gynecomastia and impotence 9 - 12 . The probability of adverse reactions to PPIs also raises with polymedication and is higher in individuals with chronic diseases 13 , 14 . This is due in part to the rate of metabolism of PPIs through cytochrome P450, which leads to numerous drugs relationships by extending their half-life and therefore causes harmful systemic effects 14 . Countries such as Argentina, Ireland, Spain and Greece have reported significant additional healthcare costs incurred from the improper prescription of PPIs. Indeed, it has been found that between 70% and 80% of PPIs prescriptions are for off-label uses 3 , 4 , 6 , 8 . To day, this type of study had not been carried out in Colombia, but is necessary in order to determine the pattern of PPI prescriptions and their costs, just as earlier study has done for antihypertensives, antidiabetics, lipid decreasing medicines, anti-tumor necrosis element, antibiotics and antiretrovirals. Studies on all of these medications have revealed issues with dosing, indications, security and cost performance within the Colombian Health System (SGSSS) 15 , 16 . In order to determine the prescribing patterns of PPIs and to calculate the costs generated Amifostine by their use, this research was conducted in an outpatient populace of the SGSSS that were being treated with these drugs. The implementation of information systems in investigating prescribing practices has been.It is striking that about 5.0% of patients received anti-ulcer associations, given the limited evidence that their combined use provides any additional therapeutic benefits 20. others (<0.001).The annual justified cost was estimated to be US$ 1,654,701 and the unjustified cost was estimated to be U.S. $2,202,590, as calculated using the minimum reference prices. Discussion: Each month, the Colombian health system is usually overloaded by unjustified costs that include payments for non-approved indications of proton pump inhibitors and for drugs outside the list of essential medications. This issue is usually contributing to rising costs of healthcare in Colombia. <0.001). El costo anual justificado fue de US$1.654.701 y no justificado de U.S.$2,202,590 empleando mnimos precios de referencia. Discusin: Mensualmente se est cargando al sistema de salud colombiano con costos no justificados del uso de inhibidores de bomba de protones en indicaciones no aprobadas y con medicamentos por fuera del listado de esenciales que contribuyen a encarecer la atencin sanitaria. Introduction Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) were identified in 1979 and approved for the management of acid-peptic disease; they were subsequently introduced to the market in 1989 1 . Several recent studies comparing omeprazole and ranitidine demonstrate the greater effectiveness of omeprazole in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease 2 , upper gastrointestinal bleeding 1 , 2 and gastroesophageal reflux, leading to an increase in the use of PPIs 3 . In some cases, however, off-label uses increase PPI sales 3 - 5 and increase the overall costs for healthcare worldwide 6 , 7 . Several conditions justify the use of PPIs, including different forms of peptic ulcer disease (Helicobater pylori associated or not), functional dyspepsia, gastroesophageal reflux, gastrointestinal bleeding prevention in conditions of severe stress and prophylaxis for peptic ulcer disease induced by non-steroidal anti inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and corticosteroids. However, the use of PPIs has begun to extend to pathologies for which they were not designed and for which there is insufficient scientific evidence justify their use 6 - 8 . The uncontrolled use of PPIs is usually associated with atrophic gastritis, interstitial nephritis, induction of ulcer symptoms, thrombocytopenia, osteoporosis and endocrine disorders such as gynecomastia and impotence 9 - 12 . The probability of adverse reactions to PPIs also increases with polymedication and is higher in patients with chronic diseases 13 , 14 . This is due in part to the metabolism of PPIs through cytochrome P450, which leads to various drugs interactions by extending their half-life and thereby causes harmful systemic effects 14 . Countries such as Argentina, Ireland, Spain and Greece have reported significant additional healthcare costs incurred by the inappropriate prescription of PPIs. Indeed, it has been found that between 70% and 80% of PPIs prescriptions are for off-label uses 3 , 4 , 6 , 8 . To date, this type of study had not been done in Colombia, but is necessary in order to determine the pattern of PPI prescriptions and their costs, just as previous research has done for antihypertensives, antidiabetics, lipid lowering drugs, anti-tumor necrosis factor, antibiotics and antiretrovirals. Studies on all of these medications have revealed issues with dosing, indications, safety and cost effectiveness within the Colombian Health System (SGSSS) 15 , 16 . In order to determine the prescribing patterns of PPIs and to calculate the costs generated by their use, this research was conducted in an outpatient populace of the SGSSS that were being treated with these drugs. The implementation of information systems in investigating prescribing practices has been an essential tool for achieving a greater therapeutic quality of the drug prescriptions, contributing in improving the rationale use of drugs according to their approved indications. Materials and Methods This is a descriptive study that.$ 3.7 million spent by 8.2% of the total Colombian populace, the annual cost rises to about U.S. (n= 111.294; 97.81%),esomeprazole (n= 1.378; 1.2%), lansoprazole (n= 524; 0.4%), pantoprazole and rabeprazole. The indication for 87.349 of the formulas (76.9%) was justified and statistically associated with the usage of NSAIDs, antithrombotics, corticosteroids, anti-ulcer, antibiotics and prokinetics. No justification was discovered for 26.211 (23.1%) from the prescriptions, that have been connected with antidiabetics, antihypertensives, hypolipidemics while others (<0.001).The annual justified cost was estimated to become US$ 1,654,701 as well as the unjustified cost was estimated to become U.S. $2,202,590, as determined using the minimal reference prices. Dialogue: Every month, the Colombian wellness system can be overloaded by unjustified costs including obligations for non-approved signs of proton MEN2B pump inhibitors as well as for medicines outside the set of important medicines. This issue can be adding to increasing costs of health care in Colombia. <0.001). Un costo anual justificado fue de US$1.654.701 y zero justificado de U.S.$2,202,590 empleando mnimos precios de referencia. Discusin: Mensualmente se est cargando al sistema de salud colombiano con costos no justificados del uso de inhibidores de bomba de protones en indicaciones no aprobadas con con medicamentos por fuera del listado de esenciales que contribuyen a encarecer la atencin sanitaria. Intro Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) had been determined in 1979 and authorized for the administration of acid-peptic disease; these were consequently introduced to the marketplace in 1989 1 . Many recent studies evaluating omeprazole and ranitidine demonstrate the higher performance of omeprazole in the treating peptic ulcer disease 2 , top gastrointestinal bleeding 1 , 2 and gastroesophageal reflux, resulting in a rise in the usage of PPIs 3 . In some instances, nevertheless, off-label uses boost PPI product sales 3 - 5 and raise the overall charges for health care world-wide 6 , 7 . Many conditions justify the usage of PPIs, including different types of peptic ulcer disease (Helicobater pylori connected or not really), practical dyspepsia, gastroesophageal reflux, gastrointestinal bleeding avoidance in circumstances of severe tension and prophylaxis for peptic ulcer disease induced by nonsteroidal anti inflammatory medicines (NSAIDs) and corticosteroids. Nevertheless, the usage of PPIs offers begun to increase to pathologies that these were not really designed and that there is inadequate scientific proof justify their make use of 6 - 8 . The uncontrolled usage of PPIs can be connected with atrophic gastritis, interstitial nephritis, induction of ulcer symptoms, thrombocytopenia, osteoporosis and endocrine disorders such as for example gynecomastia and impotence 9 - 12 . The likelihood of effects to PPIs also raises with polymedication and it is higher in individuals with chronic illnesses 13 , 14 . That is due partly to the rate of metabolism of PPIs through cytochrome P450, that leads to different medicines interactions by increasing their half-life and therefore causes dangerous systemic results 14 . Countries such as for example Argentina, Ireland, Spain and Greece possess reported significant extra health care costs incurred from the unacceptable prescription of PPIs. Certainly, it's been discovered that between 70% and 80% of PPIs prescriptions are for off-label uses 3 , 4 , 6 , 8 . To day, this sort of research was not completed in Colombia, but is essential to be able to determine the design of PPI prescriptions and their costs, just like previous research did for antihypertensives, antidiabetics, lipid decreasing medicines, anti-tumor necrosis element, antibiotics and antiretrovirals. Research on many of these medicines have revealed problems with dosing, signs, safety and price effectiveness inside the Colombian Wellness Program (SGSSS) 15 , 16 . To be able to determine the prescribing patterns of PPIs also to calculate the expenses produced by their make use of, this study was conducted within an outpatient human population from the SGSSS which were becoming treated with these medicines. The execution of info systems in looking into prescribing practices continues to be an essential device for achieving a larger therapeutic quality from the medication prescriptions, adding in improving the explanation use of medicines according with their authorized signs. Materials and Strategies That is a descriptive research that delivers an economic evaluation of PPI prescription patterns in an example of 4.2 million individuals who signify 20.4% from the sufferers associated with SGSSS and 8.2 % of the full total people of Colombia. These sufferers were associated with 16 different medical health insurance businesses (EPS) and 42 different wellness providers (IPS) across 89 metropolitan areas of between 20,000 and 7.5 million inhabitants. The populous metropolitan areas of Barranquilla, Bogota, Bucaramanga, Cali, Cartagena, Ibague, Manizales, Medellin and Pereira accounted for 80% from the sufferers. Between Oct 1 Sufferers of most age range and of both sexes who received a prescription for the PPI, 2010.$ 0.02, as well as for rabeprazole U.S. was approximated to become US$ 1,654,701 as well as the unjustified price was approximated to become U.S. $2,202,590, as computed using the minimal reference prices. Debate: Every month, the Colombian wellness system is normally overloaded by unjustified costs including obligations for non-approved signs of proton pump inhibitors as well as for medications outside the set of important medicines. This issue is normally adding to increasing costs of health care in Colombia. <0.001). Un costo anual justificado fue de US$1.654.701 y zero justificado de U.S.$2,202,590 empleando mnimos precios de referencia. Discusin: Mensualmente se est cargando al sistema de salud colombiano con costos no justificados del uso de inhibidores de bomba de protones en indicaciones no aprobadas con con medicamentos por fuera del listado de esenciales que contribuyen a encarecer la atencin sanitaria. Launch Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) had been discovered in 1979 and accepted for the administration of acid-peptic disease; these were eventually introduced to the marketplace in 1989 1 . Many recent studies evaluating omeprazole and ranitidine demonstrate the higher efficiency of omeprazole in the treating peptic ulcer disease 2 , higher gastrointestinal bleeding 1 , 2 and gastroesophageal reflux, resulting Amifostine in a rise in the usage of PPIs 3 . In some instances, nevertheless, off-label uses boost PPI product sales 3 - 5 and raise the overall charges for health care world-wide 6 , 7 . Many conditions justify the usage of PPIs, including different types of peptic ulcer disease (Helicobater pylori linked or not really), useful dyspepsia, gastroesophageal reflux, gastrointestinal bleeding avoidance in circumstances of severe tension and prophylaxis for peptic ulcer disease induced by nonsteroidal anti inflammatory medications (NSAIDs) and corticosteroids. Nevertheless, the usage of PPIs provides begun to increase to pathologies that these were not really designed and that there is inadequate scientific proof justify their make use of 6 - 8 . The uncontrolled usage of PPIs is normally connected with atrophic gastritis, interstitial nephritis, induction of ulcer symptoms, thrombocytopenia, osteoporosis and endocrine disorders such as for example gynecomastia and impotence 9 - 12 . The likelihood of effects to PPIs also boosts with polymedication and it is higher in sufferers with chronic illnesses 13 , 14 . That is due partly to the fat burning capacity of PPIs through cytochrome P450, that leads to several medications interactions by increasing their half-life and thus causes dangerous systemic results 14 . Countries such as for example Argentina, Ireland, Spain and Greece possess reported significant extra health care costs incurred with the incorrect prescription of PPIs. Certainly, it's been discovered that between 70% and 80% of PPIs prescriptions are for off-label uses 3 , 4 , 6 , 8 . To time, this sort of research was not performed in Colombia, but is essential to be able to determine the design of PPI prescriptions and their costs, just like previous research did for antihypertensives, antidiabetics, lipid reducing medications, anti-tumor necrosis aspect, antibiotics and antiretrovirals. Research on many of these medicines have revealed problems with dosing, signs, safety and price effectiveness inside the Colombian Wellness Program (SGSSS) 15 , 16 . To be able to determine the prescribing patterns of PPIs also to calculate the expenses produced by their make use of, this analysis was conducted within an outpatient people from the SGSSS which were getting treated with these medications. The execution of details systems in looking into prescribing practices continues to be an essential device for achieving a larger therapeutic quality from the medication prescriptions, adding in improving the explanation use of medications according with their accepted signs. Materials and Strategies That is a descriptive research that delivers an economic evaluation of PPI prescription patterns in an example of 4.2 million individuals who signify 20.4% from the sufferers associated with SGSSS and 8.2 % of the full total inhabitants of Colombia. These sufferers were associated with 16 different medical health insurance businesses (EPS) and 42 different wellness providers (IPS) across 89 metropolitan areas of between 20,000 and 7.5 Amifostine million inhabitants. The metropolitan areas of Barranquilla, Bogota, Bucaramanga, Cali, Cartagena, Ibague, Manizales, Medellin and Pereira accounted for 80% from the sufferers. Patients of most age range and of both sexes who received a prescription for the PPI between Oct 1, october 31 2010 and,.$ 360,000 is certainly due to the non-justified usage of universal omeprazole. 54.4 18.7 years; the medications had been omeprazole (n= 111.294; 97.81%),esomeprazole (n= 1.378; 1.2%), lansoprazole (n= 524; 0.4%), pantoprazole and rabeprazole. The sign for 87.349 from the formulas (76.9%) was justified and statistically from the usage of NSAIDs, antithrombotics, corticosteroids, anti-ulcer, antibiotics and prokinetics. No justification was discovered for 26.211 (23.1%) from the prescriptions, that have been connected with antidiabetics, antihypertensives, hypolipidemics yet others (<0.001).The annual justified cost was estimated to become US$ 1,654,701 as well as the unjustified cost was estimated to become U.S. $2,202,590, as computed using the minimal reference prices. Debate: Every month, the Colombian wellness system is certainly overloaded by unjustified costs including obligations for non-approved signs of proton pump inhibitors as well as for medications outside the set of important medicines. This issue is certainly adding to increasing costs of health care in Colombia. <0.001). Un costo anual justificado fue de US$1.654.701 y zero justificado de U.S.$2,202,590 empleando mnimos precios de referencia. Discusin: Mensualmente se est cargando al sistema de salud colombiano con costos no justificados del uso de inhibidores de bomba de protones en indicaciones no aprobadas con con medicamentos por fuera del listado de esenciales que contribuyen a encarecer la atencin sanitaria. Launch Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) had been discovered in 1979 and accepted for the administration of acid-peptic disease; these were eventually introduced to the marketplace in 1989 1 . Many recent studies evaluating omeprazole and ranitidine demonstrate the higher efficiency of omeprazole in the treating peptic ulcer disease 2 , higher gastrointestinal bleeding 1 , 2 and gastroesophageal reflux, resulting in a rise in the usage of PPIs 3 . In some instances, nevertheless, off-label uses boost PPI product sales 3 - 5 and raise the overall charges for health care world-wide 6 , 7 . Many conditions justify the usage of PPIs, including different types of peptic ulcer disease (Helicobater pylori linked or not really), useful dyspepsia, gastroesophageal reflux, gastrointestinal bleeding avoidance in circumstances of severe tension and prophylaxis for peptic ulcer disease induced by nonsteroidal anti inflammatory medications (NSAIDs) and corticosteroids. Nevertheless, the usage of PPIs provides begun to increase to pathologies that these were not really designed and that there is inadequate scientific proof justify their make use of 6 - 8 . The uncontrolled usage of PPIs is certainly connected with atrophic gastritis, interstitial nephritis, induction of ulcer symptoms, thrombocytopenia, osteoporosis and endocrine disorders such as for example gynecomastia and impotence 9 - 12 . The likelihood of effects to PPIs also boosts with polymedication and it is higher in sufferers with chronic illnesses 13 , 14 . That is due partly to the fat burning capacity of PPIs through cytochrome P450, that leads to several medications interactions by increasing their half-life and thus causes dangerous systemic results 14 . Countries such as for example Argentina, Ireland, Spain and Greece possess reported significant extra health care costs incurred with the unacceptable prescription of PPIs. Certainly, it's been discovered that between 70% and 80% of PPIs prescriptions are for off-label uses 3 , 4 , 6 , 8 . To time, this sort of research was not completed in Colombia, but is essential to be able to determine the design of PPI prescriptions and their costs, just like previous research did for antihypertensives, antidiabetics, lipid reducing medications, anti-tumor necrosis aspect, antibiotics and antiretrovirals. Research on many of these medicines have revealed problems with dosing, signs, safety and price effectiveness inside the Colombian Wellness Program (SGSSS) 15 , 16 . To be able to determine the prescribing patterns of PPIs also to calculate the expenses produced by their make use of, this analysis was conducted within an outpatient inhabitants from the SGSSS which were getting treated with these medications. The execution of details systems in looking into prescribing practices continues to be an essential device for achieving a larger therapeutic quality from the medication prescriptions, adding in improving the explanation use of medications according with their.